Study Finds Gender, Age, and Experience Gaps in How Teachers View Students’ Essential Skills

A study suggests that university educators may have different perceptions of their students’ preparedness for success based on the teachers’ own gender, age, and experience. The research, focused on educators in Spain, Chile, and Mexico, highlights the importance of fostering essential skills like self-directed learning and time management among students.

The Importance of PSLL Competences

“The development of key competences is crucial for inclusive and high-quality education at all levels,” explains the lead researcher [attribution needed]. “This study aimed to understand how teachers perceive students’ abilities to develop these skills, specifically personal, social, and learning to learn (PSLL) competences.”

PSLL competences encompass skills like initiating learning, managing time effectively, managing information, and self-regulated learning. Researchers utilized the INNOVAPRENDE questionnaire to assess the perceptions of 446 educators across the three countries.

Teacher Demographics and Perceptions

The study revealed interesting trends regarding teacher demographics and their views on student preparedness. Female teachers, older teachers, and those with 16-25 years of experience were more likely to perceive their students as possessing stronger PSLL skills compared to their male counterparts, younger educators, and those with less experience.

  • Gender Bias: The study suggests a potential gender bias, with female teachers perceiving students as more prepared in PSLL skills compared to male teachers.
  • Age and Experience: Similarly, older teachers and those with more experience (16-25 years) tended to view students more positively regarding PSLL skills than younger educators and those with less experience.

“These findings suggest potential biases in how teachers view their students,” observes the researcher. “It’s important to ensure educators have the support and awareness to address these biases and create a level playing field for all students.”

The Role of Teacher Guidance and Expectations

The research emphasizes the significance of teacher guidance and clear expectations in nurturing PSLL skills within students. By providing targeted support and fostering a culture of self-directed learning, educators can empower students to thrive both inside and outside the classroom.

  • Teacher Guidance: The study highlights the importance of teachers providing guidance and support to help students develop PSLL skills.
  • Clear Expectations: Setting clear expectations around PSLL skills can create a learning environment that encourages students to take ownership of their learning.

“Equipping students with these essential competences is vital for their success in higher education and beyond,” concludes the researcher. “This study underscores the need for ongoing professional development and a focus on fostering a learning environment that cultivates these crucial skills in all students.”

This research contributes to the ongoing conversation about ensuring inclusive and effective learning experiences in universities. By understanding how educators perceive student preparedness, educational institutions can develop targeted strategies to bridge any identified gaps and empower all students to reach their full potential.

Eduardo García-Toledano, Andrea Gracia-Zomeño ,Ángel Luis González-Olivares and Ascensión Palomares-Ruiz. Development of Essential Competences for the Success of Inclusive Quality Teaching–Learning Processes in Higher Education. Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 1243;

Note: Original authors are welcome to make correction.

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